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The Integrated Biotectural System or IBTS-Greenhouse is a holistic concept developed for hot arid deserts. It relies on a new quality of systems integration including architectural, technological and natural elements. In this case it means the combination of farming and living in one building, as well as desalination of sea water, or brackish groundwater. Neither the superstructure of the IBTS-Greenhouse, nor its technology resembles that of a common greenhouse. A group of companies called LivingDesert was established to build the IBTS in Egypt. It is part of the national plan for large scale desert-reclamation with afforestation and for agricultural purposes. The new type of facility has its roots in construction engineering and construction physics in contrast to agriculture as it is for most novel greenhouses. Thus it is also fundamentally different from the seawater greenhouses. Much more so it differs for its unrivaled performance (see below). Without exception alternative desalination-technologies, air-to-water utilities and desalination-greenhouses in testing, require a multiple of the energy for fresh-water production, as is the current efficiency record in the industry. The significance of the term lies within the efficiency that only systems integration can achieve. Particular importance lies on the imitation of natural systems, especially closed cycles. The establishment of closed watercycles being the most crucial of all, because of the increasing severeness of the Global Water crisis particularly in hot desert climates. The desalination feature is bound to hot climates because it requires high amounts of solar thermal power. It has turned out to be very suitable in mitigation of the sinking of water tables in agricultural areas of the MENA region and beyond. ==Performance== The energy of operation is 0.45 kWh per cubic metre of distilled water in the full scale version. This performance is more than 10x better than the records set by desalination plants in Dubai and Perth according to official numbers given by the respective authorities. The IBTS is based on a modular concept, with a core size of 1 hectare. This is the minimum size for the construction and for self-sufficiency, but the circular modules can be built 10 hectare large, or more. Each module is based on sub-modules allowing for immediate commencement of operation and generation of profit (like a reafforestation site generating profit in its early stages). Best efficiency and full capacity can be provided with a superstructure approximately 100 modules large. 10 km² have the capacity of an industrial desalination plant, which is 0,5 million cubic meters of water per day. The desalination utility of the first version of the IBTS published required a max. of 1.8 kWh per m³ of fresh water. Since that time the condensator, or atmospheric water generation has evolved through a series of hygrothermal models and can now be operated at the given 0.45 kwh/m³. The system comes at an investment cost typical for modern greenhouses, not for desalination plants and requires no further research and development. It is designed for large-scale desert-greening and is based on small, completely self-sufficient modules. It is deemed "subtech" for its lack of any critical technology. That means it is low risk and low maintenance. The IBTS works with natural processes hosted in a building. This way it never reaches natural, or physical limitations for growth like the desalination technology in the Persian Gulf already has because of brine discharge and temperature rise.〔“Status of Coral Reefs of the Persian Gulf and the Arabian Sea region”〕〔Dr. Christophe-Tourenq, “Conservation of Coral Reefs in the Persian Gulf”〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Integrated biotectural system」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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